If you’re the proud parent of a Toy Poodle, you’re probably always looking for ways to make sure it’s happy and healthy. Part of that means making sure your pet is eating the best dog food for Toy Poodles.
But with so many brands and varieties on the market, it can be challenging to know which one is right for your pup. That’s why today we’ll be reviewing six of the best dog food for Toy Poodles, based on our experience and the opinions of other pet owners.
While all dogs are different, and some may do well on a variety of foods, we think that one of these six dog foods is likely to be the best fit for your Toy Poodle. So whether your pup is a picky or an indiscriminate eater, one of these foods is sure to please them.
At a glance: Our top pick for the best dog food for Toy Poodles is ORIJEN Dog Six Fish Recipe. If your pup has a sensitive stomach, this may be the best option for them, as it’s grain-free and contains no artificial ingredients.
But before we get to the reviews, let’s take a look at the diet of a Toy Poodle.
What Does the Toy Poodle Diet Look Like?
Toy Poodles are prone to weight gain, so it’s crucial to choose food that will help them stay lean. To help your Toy Poodle stay in shape, here’s what to look for in a good diet:
Plenty of High-Quality Protein
Protein is essential for building and maintaining muscle mass, which is especially important for Toy Poodles since they’re prone to becoming overweight. Protein also helps keep your dog’s immune system functioning correctly while providing them with energy.
Look for food that contains a high percentage of animal-based protein, such as chicken, beef, lamb, or fish. Plant-based proteins like soy or peas are often inferior to animal-based proteins and can’t provide all the nutrients your dog needs.
Always ensure that your poodle’s food contains 85% or more protein to make sure they’re getting the nutrients they require. Other ingredients like carbohydrates and fats can make up the rest of the diet.
Moderate Amounts of Carbohydrates
While carbohydrates aren’t essential, they can be a good energy source for your pup. Ensure that the food you choose doesn’t contain too many carbs, as this can cause your Toy Poodle to gain weight. Look for food with moderate carbohydrates, between 20% and 40%.
Healthy Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acids
Fatty acids are essential for various reasons, including maintaining healthy skin and coat, preventing inflammation, and supporting the immune system. Toys Poodles tend to have dry skin, so it’s imperative to make sure their food contains fatty acids.
Good omega 3 and 6 fatty acids sources include fish oil, flaxseed oil, and borage oil. Ensure the food you select has at least one of these ingredients to ensure your Toy Poodle gets the nutrients they need.
Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids are in most good quality dog foods, but not all. If your pup’s food doesn’t contain these crucial nutrients, you can give them a fish oil or flaxseed oil supplement to ensure they’re getting enough.
Antioxidants and Probiotics
Antioxidants and probiotics are essential to your dog’s health, and many good-quality dog foods contain them. Probiotics help keep your dog’s digestive system healthy, while antioxidants help protect their cells from damage.
Both of these nutrients are important for maintaining overall health, so make sure the food you choose has either of them. Luckily, most good-quality dog foods do, but if your pup’s food doesn’t, you can always give them a probiotic or antioxidant supplement.
What Can Toy Poodles Eat?
In general, Toy Poodles can eat most of the same food that other dogs can. This includes various types of food, including dry kibble, wet food, raw food, and even human food.
Just like people, some dogs are more selective in what they’ll eat than others. Some Toy Poodles may prefer one type of food over another, but most should do well on a variety of different diets.
If your Toy Poodle is particularly fussy, you may have to experiment a bit to find the food they like best. But with so many types and brands of dog food on the market, there’s sure to be one that your pup will love.
What NOT to Feed Your Miniature Poodle
While your Toy Poodle can eat most of the same food as other dogs, there are a few things they should avoid. These include:
- Chocolate: While chocolate may seem like a harmless treat, it’s poisonous to dogs. Poodles are particularly susceptible to the effects of chocolate, so it’s best to avoid giving it to them at all. Chocolate contains methylxanthines, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and even death in dogs.
- Grapes and raisins: As with chocolate, grapes, and raisins can cause serious health problems in dogs. Though research is yet to determine the exact substance in grapes and raisins that causes issues, it’s best to avoid giving them to your pup just in case. Grape and raisin toxicity can cause kidney failure or even death in dogs.
- Onions: Onions contain a compound called N-propyl disulfide that can damage a dog’s red blood cells. This can cause serious health concerns, including anemia. It’s best to avoid feeding onions to your Toy Poodle as much as possible.
- Garlic: Garlic (and any member of the allium family, including onions) is harmful to dogs. Garlic toxicity causes gastrointestinal upset symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It can also damage a dog’s red blood cells, causing anemia. As with onions, it’s best to avoid feeding garlic to your Toy Poodle.
- Coffee, tea, and other caffeine: Caffeine is harmful to dogs in large amounts. Coffee, tea, and other caffeine-containing drinks can cause agitation, restlessness, increased heart rate, and even seizures in dogs. It’s best to avoid giving these drinks to your Toy Poodle.
- Fat trimmings: Fat trimmings are a popular treat among dog owners, but they’re not good for dogs. Fat trimmings are high in cholesterol and can cause obesity, pancreatitis, and other health problems in dogs. It’s best to avoid feeding them to your Toy Poodle.
- Xylitol and alcohol: Xylitol is a sugar substitute found in many products, including gum and candy. It’s harmful to dogs and can cause liver damage, vomiting, seizures, and even death. Alcohol is also harmful to dogs and can cause intoxication, coma, and death. Avoid giving these to your Toy Poodle.
So, what is the best dog food for a Toy Poodle puppy? The answer may vary depending on your pup’s individual preferences, but there are six great options to choose from.
The Best Mini Poodle Food- an Overview
- Our Top Pick Food for Toy Poodle: ORIJEN Dog Six Fish Recipe Our rating: 4.5/5
- Best Value Dog Food for Toy Poodles: Wellness CORE Grain-Free Dry Dog Food Our rating: 4/5
- Best Wet Dog Food for Toy Poodles: Blue Buffalo Wilderness High Protein, Natural Adult Small Breed Wet Dog Food Our rating: 4/5
- Premium Mini Poodle Food: Hill’s Science Diet Dry Dog Food, Adult 7+ for Senior Dogs Our rating: 4/5
- Best Miniature Poodle Food for Dogs with Small Muzzles: Eukanuba Adult Small Bites Dry Dog Food Our rating: 3/5
- Best Dog Food for Purebred Poodles: Royal Canin Poodle Puppy Breed Specific Dry Dog Food Our rating: 4/5
Your Food for Toy Poodle Shopping Guide
Chicken, Turkey, and Other Poultry Ingredients
When looking for the best dog food for Toy Poodle, you’ll want to focus on brands that list chicken or turkey as one of the first ingredients. These high-quality proteins will help your Toy Poodle stay healthy and strong.
Avoid dog foods that list poultry by-products as one of the main ingredients. These are low-quality proteins and not as good for your Toy Poodle as chicken or turkey. Poultry by-products are the non-meat parts of poultry, such as feathers, feet, and intestines. They’re not necessarily carcinogenic, but they’re not as nutritious as chicken or turkey.
Types of Fish Protein
Many good dog foods for Toy Poodles list fish as their main ingredient. This is because fish is a high-quality protein low in saturated fat. It’s a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for your Toy Poodle’s health.
While protein is an excellent source of protein for Toy Poodles, they are not as good as chicken or turkey.
Fruits and Vegetables
Including fruits and vegetables in your Toy Poodle’s diet is a magnificent way to ensure that they’re getting the nutrients they need. However, not all fruits and vegetables are good for Toy Poodles.
Some fruits and vegetables, such as grapes and raisins, can be harmful to Toy Poodles. These fruits contain a toxin that can cause liver damage and even death. It’s best to avoid giving grapes and raisins to your Toy Poodle.
Although fruits and vegetables are okay for Toy Poodles, they should only make up a small percentage of their diet. Too much fruit or vegetable can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems.
Health Issues/Special Dietary Requirements
Some Toy Poodles have special dietary requirements due to their health issues. If your Toy Poodle has a health issue, talk to your veterinarian about the best food for them.
Some Toy Poodles may require a low in carbohydrates or gluten-free diet. If this is the case, your veterinarian can recommend a specific brand of food that will meet your Toy Poodle’s needs.
When looking for the best dog food for picky Poodles, it’s essential to consider your pup’s individual preferences and health needs. There are many great food brands to choose from, so you’re sure to find one that is perfect for your Toy Poodle.
Wet or Dry?
Many Toy Poodles prefer wet food over dry food. Wet food is softer and more palatable to Toy Poodles, and it contains more moisture than dry food. This is important because Toy Poodles require plenty of water to stay healthy.
If your Toy Poodle prefers wet food, you’ll want to select a brand that offers a variety of wet food options. This will give your pup plenty of choices and ensure they get the necessary nutrients.
If your Toy Poodle prefers dry food, you’ll want to pick a brand that offers a variety of dry food options. This will give your pup plenty of choices and ensure they get the nutrients they need.
Macronutrient Content
When looking for the best food for a Miniature Poodle Puppy, you’ll want to consider the macronutrient content. This is the percentage of protein, fat, and carbohydrates in the food.
Some Toy Poodles do better on a diet that is high in protein and low in carbohydrates. Others do well on a diet that is high in fat and low in carbohydrates. It’s essential to find food that fits your Toy Poodle’s individual needs.
The best way to determine standard Poodle dog food for your Toy Poodle is to talk to your veterinarian. They can help you figure out which macronutrient content is best for your pup and recommend a specific brand of food.
The Best Dog Food for Toy Poodles Reviewed
Our Top Pick Food for Toy Poodle: ORIJEN Dog Six Fish Recipe
Key Features
- Amazon’s Choice Award: Dry Dog Food by Orijen
- Main ingredient: Fish
- Available flavor/s: Six fish
- Vet recommended?: Yes
- Prescription diet?: No
- Form product comes in: Whole
- Life stage product is for?: Adult
- Brand: Orijen
- Product weight: 25 pounds (11.3 kilograms)
Orijen is high-quality dog food made with six different types of fish. It is a grain-free food that is low in carbohydrates. This makes it a good choice for Toy Poodles who need a low-carbohydrate diet.
The type of fish used in Orijen gets caught sustainably. This means that the fish gets caught using sustainable fishing practices. This is important because it ensures that the fish populations will not become depleted.
The fish included in Orijen are:
- Mackerel
- Silver Hake
- Monk
- Redfish
- Herring
- Flounder
Orijen also contains vegetables such as kale, mustard, and spinach, which provide Toy Poodles with essential nutrients. The added greens also make the food more palatable to Toy Poodles.
Besides the rich protein content, Orijen also contains enough carbohydrates for Toy Poodles to digest without causing gastrointestinal problems. The carbohydrate content, which includes pinto beans, lentils, and whole beans, is also low in glycemic content, so it will not cause a spike in your Toy Poodle’s blood sugar levels.
Overall, Orijen is the best dog food for Toy Poodles, requiring a low-carbohydrate diet. It is also a good choice for Toy Poodles who have allergies or sensitivities to grains.
| Pros | Cons |
| -Grain-free -Low carbohydrate content -Made with six different types of fish -Sustainably caught -Contains added greens -Low glycemic | -Some Toy Poodles may not like the fish flavor |
Best Value Dog Food for Toy Poodles: Wellness CORE Grain-Free Dry Dog Food
Key Features
- Amazon’s Choice Award: Dry Dog Food by Wellness Natural
- First ingredient: Turkey
- Available flavor/s: Turkey
- Vet recommended?: Yes
- Prescription diet?: Yes, for skin and coat health
- Form product comes in: Dry
- Life stage product is for?: Adult
- Brand: Wellness Core
- Product weight: 12 pounds (5.4 kilograms)
Wellness CORE is a grain-free dry dog food made with turkey. Instead of plants, this formula contains animal-based proteins from deboned turkey and chicken. The food also has probiotics to support your Toy Poodle’s digestion.
This dry dog food is also rich in omega fatty acids, which help maintain your Toy Poodle’s healthy skin and coat. Wellness CORE also has glucosamine and antioxidants to support your pup’s joints and immune system.
The formula is available in both turkey and chicken flavors. It does not contain any artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives. This makes it a healthy and safe choice for your Toy Poodle.
Wellness CORE also comes with potatoes and peas as alternative sources of carbohydrates. These ingredients provide Toy Poodles with energy as well as dietary fiber. The food also has vitamins and minerals, which can help to optimize your pup’s health.
| Pros | Cons |
| -Grain-free -Contains probiotics -Rich in omega fatty acids -Glucosamine and antioxidants for joint and immune system health | -Only suitable for adult Toy Poodles |
Best Wet Dog Food for Toy Poodles: Blue Buffalo Wilderness High-Protein, Natural Adult Small Breed Wet Dog Food
Key Features
- Main ingredient: Turkey and chicken
- Available flavor/s: Turkey and chicken
- Vet recommended?: Yes
- Prescription diet?: No
- Form product comes in: Wet
- Life stage product is for?: Small breeds
- Brand: Blue Buffalo
- Product weight: 8.25 pounds (3.74 kilograms)
If you’re looking for high-quality food that will keep your Toy Poodle healthy and happy, Blue Buffalo Wilderness is a great option. The main ingredients of this dog food are real turkey and chicken meat, and it doesn’t contain any artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives.
Blue Buffalo Wilderness has a unique formula specifically designed for small breed dogs, and it comes in a wet form that is easy for Toy Poodles to digest. Available in a pack of 24 cans of 5.5 ounces (0.16 kilograms) each, this food for Toy Poodle puppies is affordable and will last you a while.
Unlike some other high-quality dog foods, Blue Buffalo Wilderness contains very low levels of carbohydrates. This is important for Toy Poodles because it helps keep their blood sugar levels regulated and prevents them from gaining weight.
In addition, Blue Buffalo Wilderness does not contain thickening agents like wheat, making it a good choice for Toy Poodles with sensitive stomachs. It also doesn’t have any poultry by-products, corn, wheat, or soy, a common allergen for Toy Poodles.
Overall, Blue Buffalo Wilderness is an excellent food choice for Toy Poodles of all ages. It’s high in protein and low in carbs, making it the perfect diet for active Toy Poodles or those prone to weight gain.
| Pros | Cons |
| -Lots of protein -Low levels of carbohydrates -No poultry by-products | -Some dogs may not like the wet food format |
Premium Mini Poodle Food: Hill’s Science Diet Dry Dog Food, Adult 7+ for Senior Dogs
Key Features
- Amazon’s Choice Award: Dry Dog Food by Hill’s Science Diet
- Main ingredient: Chicken meal, barley, and rice recipe
- Available flavor/s: Chicken and barley
- Vet recommended?: Yes
- Prescription diet?: Yes
- Form product comes in: Dry
- Life stage product is for?: Adult dogs seven years and above
- Brand: Hill’s Science Diet
- Product weight: 33 pounds (15 kilograms) pack of 1
Adult dogs have different digestion capabilities than younger ones. As a result, they need food that can meet their needs. Hill’s Science Diet Dog Food for Toy Poodles is perfect for aging dogs.
Helping your Toy Poodle maintain a healthy weight, this food contains balanced levels of protein and fat. Hill’s Science Diet Dog Food has natural ingredients that are easy for senior dogs to digest.
This food also has antioxidants and vitamins for a healthy immune system. Also, the kibble contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to promote healthy skin and a shiny coat.
Though this Poodle food has grain, the quantity is small and will not cause stomach problems.
| Pros | Cons |
| -Good for Toy Poodles over seven years old -Promotes healthy skin, and coat -Easy to digest -Enriched with antioxidants and vitamins | -Contains grain |
Best Miniature Poodle Food for Dogs with Small Muzzles: Eukanuba Adult Small Bites Dry Dog Food
Key Features
- Amazon’s Choice Award: Dry Dog Food by EUKANUBA
- Main ingredient: Chicken
- Available flavor/s: Chicken
- Vet recommended?: Yes
- Prescription diet?: No
- Form product comes in: Bites
- Life stage product is for?: Medium and small breeds that are 12 months and above
- Brand: EUKANUBA
- Product weight: 33-pound (15-kilogram) pack
If you’re looking for high-quality dog food for your Toy Poodle, Eukanuba Adult Small Bites Dry Dog Food is a great option. This food has premium ingredients and features a blend of vitamins and minerals that helps keep your pup healthy and strong.
Eukanuba is a premium Toy Poodle food developed for dogs aged 12 months or older, weighing up to 54 pounds (24.49 kilograms). It contains 33 pounds (15 kilograms) of chicken-based protein, ideal for medium-sized dog breeds. Its low-carbohydrate and high-protein recipe helps promote a healthy body condition and strong muscle mass.
The food is full of antioxidants, omega fatty acids, and minerals to keep your Toy Poodle puppy looking and feeling great. In addition, its small kibble size is for Toy Poodles’ tiny mouths.
This food also contains chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride to help keep your Toy Poodle’s joints healthy and pain-free.
Overall, Eukanuba is an excellent Toy Poodle puppy food that provides all the nutrients your pup needs to stay healthy and active. And, since it comes with vitamin E and DHA, it can also help promote cognitive development and healthy vision.
| Pros | Cons |
| -Contains high-quality ingredients -Promotes healthy body condition, and strong muscle mass -Rich in antioxidants, omega fatty acids, and minerals -Small kibble size designed for Toy Poodles -Comes with vitamin E and DHA to promote cognitive development and healthy vision | -A bit pricier than some other brands |
Best Dog Food for Purebred Poodles: Royal Canin Poodle Puppy Breed Specific Dry Dog Food
Key Features
- Main ingredients: Chicken meal, brewers rice, brown rice, corn, corn gluten meal
- Available flavor/s: Chicken
- Vet recommended?: Yes
- Prescription diet?: No
- Form product comes in: Pellet
- Life stage product is for?: For purebred Poodles (eight to ten months)
- Brand: Royal Canin
- Product weight: 2.5 pounds (1.13 kilograms)
Royal Canin is the last best dog food for Toy Poodle puppy on our list. But that doesn’t mean it’s the least recommended. This dog food is explicitly suitable for Toy Poodles and is highly beneficial for the breed.
The kibble is small and easy for your pup to chew, and it contains all the nutrients they need to grow up big and strong. Not only does this food promote healthy development in puppies, but it can also help adult Toy Poodles maintain a healthy weight.
This food also contains omega-3 fatty acids, which support healthy skin and coat. And, because it has natural ingredients, you can trust that your Toy Poodle is getting the best possible nutrition.
| Pros | Cons |
| -Specifically designed for Toy Poodles -Promotes healthy development in puppies -Enriched with omega-3 fatty acids -Made with natural ingredients | -Contains grains |
The Best Brands of Dog Food for Toy Poodles
When it comes to finding the best dog food for Toy Poodle, there are several factors you need to consider. Some brands are better than others at catering to the specific needs of Toy Poodles, so it’s essential to do your research before making a purchase.
That said, some of the best brands of dog food for Toy Poodles include:
- Eukanuba
- Royal Canin
- Orijen
- Blue Buffalo
- Hill’s Science Diet
- Wellness Core
Each of these brands offers a wide variety of recipes designed for Toy Poodles. They also contain high-quality ingredients and nutrients that help keep your pup healthy and happy.
So, which one is suitable for your dog? It ultimately depends on their individual needs and preferences. Be sure to consult with your veterinarian before making a final decision.
What to Do if Your Dog Is Overweight or Underweight
If your Toy Poodle is overweight, you may need to switch to a diet dog food. Overweight dogs are at risk for developing health problems such as arthritis, heart disease, and cancer.
On the other hand, if your Toy Poodle is underweight, you may need to supplement their diet with additional nutrients. Malnourished dogs are also at risk of developing health concerns like liver disease, intestinal parasites, and skin infections.
If you’re not sure whether your Toy Poodle is overweight or underweight. They can help you determine the ideal weight for your pup and recommend a diet or supplement plan that’s right for them.
How to Switch Your Dog’s Diet Gradually Without Causing Digestive Problems
It’s important to switch your dog’s diet gradually to avoid causing digestive issues. If you switch their diet too quickly, their stomach may not handle the change, and they may experience vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation.
To safely switch your dog’s diet, follow these steps:
- Start by mixing a small amount of the new food with their old food. Gradually increase the amount of new food until they eat only the new food.
- If your dog experiences digestive problems, go back to the previous step and mix a smaller amount of new food with their old food.
- Make sure your dog always has access to plenty of fresh water.
- Consult your veterinarian if your dog’s health does not improve after switching to a new diet.
FAQs on Toy Poodle Food
How Much Should I Feed My Toy Poodle?
Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for how much food to feed your Toy Poodle. As a general rule of the thumb, feed your puppy twice a day and adjust the portions as they grow.
Can I Give My Toy Poodle Human Food?
No, you should not give your Toy Poodle human food. Human food is not nutritionally suitable and can harm your pup. Stick to giving them dog food designed for their breed.
Common Health Problems in Toy Poodles
One of the easiest ways to keep your Poodle safe and healthy is to feed him a well-balanced diet. A nutritious Poodle diet can also aid in the treatment of specific health issues in poodles.
Toy Poodles’ most common health problems are bladder stones, cataracts, and some skin allergies. Feeding your pup a diet rich in antioxidants can help reduce the risk of developing bladder stones.
Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids can help improve the symptoms of cataracts, and dog foods containing probiotics can help soothe skin allergies. By feeding your Toy Poodle a breed-specific diet, you can help keep him healthy and free from common health issues.
Poodles are susceptible to retinal disorders, hip dysplasia, bloating, thyroid issues, and collapsed trachea. If you are concerned about any of these conditions, a healthy, well-balanced diet that contains antibiotics, zinc, iron, fatty acids, probiotics, and vitamins is essential.
How Can I Tell if My Toy Poodle Is Overweight?
If your Toy Poodle is overweight, you’ll likely see it. Their body will be rounder, and they may have a bit of a double chin. You can also feel their ribs easily, and when you do, there should be a slight give. If your Toy Poodle doesn’t meet these criteria, he may be underweight, and you should consult with your vet.
What Are the Benefits of Feeding My Toy Poodle a Breed-Specific Diet?
Toy Poodle diets are to meet the unique nutritional needs of the breed. They typically contain higher levels of protein and fat and vital nutrients like omega fatty acids and antioxidants. This can help your Toy Poodle stay healthy and look its best.
Wet Food vs. Dry Food for Toy Poodles
Many people wonder if they should feed their Toy Poodles wet or dry food. The truth is, both have their pros and cons.
Dry food is cheaper and easier to store, but it can often lead to plaque build-up on your dog’s teeth. Wet food is more expensive, but it contains more moisture, which can help keep your dog’s teeth healthy.
Ultimately, it’s up to you which food you choose to feed your Toy Poodle. Just be sure that whatever you decide to give your pup is high-quality food specifically designed for their breed.
What Kind of Food Is Best for My Toy Poodle?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as each dog has different dietary needs. However, we recommend picking high-quality dog food designed for Toy Poodles. Canine diets are available in wet, dry, and freeze-dried varieties, so be sure to explore your options.
Is the Toy Poodle a Picky Eater?
The Toy Poodle is not typically a picky eater, but some can be fussy. If your Toy Poodle turns his nose up at the food you’re giving him, try another brand or variety. There are many high-quality dog foods on the market, so there’s sure to be one that your pup will love.
How Often Should I Change My Toy Poodle’s Food?
There is no set rule for how often you should change your Toy Poodle’s food, but we recommend doing so every 6 to 12 months. Read the ingredients list carefully and choose a high-quality brand and nutritional value.
The Final Say on the Best Dog Food for Toy Poodles
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to finding the best dog food for Toy Poodles. Every pup is different, and what works for one may not work for another. However, our top pick for the best dog food for Toy Poodles is ORIJEN Dog Six Fish Recipe.
Designed to meet the nutritional needs of Toy Poodles, this food for Toy Poodles contains all the nutrients they need to stay healthy and look their best. If your Toy Poodle is a picky eater, you may want to try food like ORIJEN high in protein and fat.
Whatever Poodle food you decide to feed your Toy Poodle, be sure to read the ingredients list carefully to make sure that it contains all the nutrients your pup needs. And as always, consult with your veterinarian if you have any questions or concerns about your dog’s diet.
That said, the six brands of food that we’ve reviewed are all high quality and will provide your Toy Poodle with the nutrients it needs to stay healthy and happy. So, whichever Toy Poodle puppy food you choose, be sure to stick with it and feed your pup according to the manufacturer’s instructions.